Dragonboat Log Replication 代码走读

Dragonboat 是一个开源的高性能Go实现的Raft共识协议实现. 具有良好的性能和久经社区检验的鲁棒性, 机遇巧合, 接触到. 因此决定结合Raft博士论文走读其源码. 今天带来Raft中三大核心之一的日志复制Log Replication的代码走读.

Dragonboat Log Replication代码实现结构

![Dragonboat log replication](/Users/tanghangyun/Documents/Dragonboat log replication.png)

Dragonboat中的网络接口调用主要在node.go文件中实现, 作者提供了对网络接口的抽象, 可以自由实现底层的网络交互方法. 本次讨论仅涉及对这些网络接口的代用逻辑, 也就是工作流的讲解, 不涉及网络协议底层实现的逻辑讨论. 作者在protobuf中定义了msg.Tpye, 并通过路由函数将不同Type的msg路由到不同的Handler函数进行处理.

msg Type 及其路由处理函数解读

先介绍根据msg.Type 进行路由的路由函数

路由函数 initializeHandlerMap

func (r *raft) Handle(m pb.Message) {
	if !r.onMessageTermNotMatched(m) {
		r.doubleCheckTermMatched(m.Term)
        r.handle(r, m)
    } ...
}

func (r *raft) initializeHandlerMap() {
	// candidate
...
	// follower
	r.handlers[follower][pb.Propose] = r.handleFollowerPropose
	r.handlers[follower][pb.Replicate] = r.handleFollowerReplicate
	r.handlers[follower][pb.Heartbeat] = r.handleFollowerHeartbeat
	r.handlers[follower][pb.ReadIndex] = r.handleFollowerReadIndex
	r.handlers[follower][pb.LeaderTransfer] = r.handleFollowerLeaderTransfer
	r.handlers[follower][pb.ReadIndexResp] = r.handleFollowerReadIndexResp
	r.handlers[follower][pb.InstallSnapshot] = r.handleFollowerInstallSnapshot
	r.handlers[follower][pb.Election] = r.handleNodeElection
	r.handlers[follower][pb.RequestVote] = r.handleNodeRequestVote
	r.handlers[follower][pb.TimeoutNow] = r.handleFollowerTimeoutNow
	r.handlers[follower][pb.ConfigChangeEvent] = r.handleNodeConfigChange
	r.handlers[follower][pb.LocalTick] = r.handleLocalTick
	r.handlers[follower][pb.SnapshotReceived] = r.handleRestoreRemote
	// leader
	r.handlers[leader][pb.LeaderHeartbeat] = r.handleLeaderHeartbeat
	r.handlers[leader][pb.CheckQuorum] = r.handleLeaderCheckQuorum
	r.handlers[leader][pb.Propose] = r.handleLeaderPropose
	r.handlers[leader][pb.ReadIndex] = r.handleLeaderReadIndex
	r.handlers[leader][pb.ReplicateResp] = lw(r, r.handleLeaderReplicateResp)
	r.handlers[leader][pb.HeartbeatResp] = lw(r, r.handleLeaderHeartbeatResp)
	r.handlers[leader][pb.SnapshotStatus] = lw(r, r.handleLeaderSnapshotStatus)
	r.handlers[leader][pb.Unreachable] = lw(r, r.handleLeaderUnreachable)
	r.handlers[leader][pb.LeaderTransfer] = r.handleLeaderTransfer
	r.handlers[leader][pb.Election] = r.handleNodeElection
	r.handlers[leader][pb.RequestVote] = r.handleNodeRequestVote
	r.handlers[leader][pb.ConfigChangeEvent] = r.handleNodeConfigChange
	r.handlers[leader][pb.LocalTick] = r.handleLocalTick
	r.handlers[leader][pb.SnapshotReceived] = r.handleRestoreRemote
	r.handlers[leader][pb.RateLimit] = r.handleLeaderRateLimit
	// observer
...
	// witness
...
}

重点需要关注的函数是 r.handlers[follower][pb.Propose] = r.handleFollowerPropose, r.handlers[follower][pb.Replicate] = r.handleFollowerReplicate, r.handlers[leader][pb.Propose] = r.handleLeaderPropose, r.handlers[leader][pb.ReplicateResp] = lw(r, r.handleLeaderReplicateResp)这四个函数. 分别对应Follower处理Proposal消息和Replicate消息; 以及Leader处理ProposalS和ReplicateResp消息. 接下来分别阅读上述四个函数. 以及上述四个函数后续的调用栈. 最终在本地调用栈结束于send函数. send函数十分简单仅仅将msgs添加到r.msgs领域中. 之后将有node扫描raft的msgs领域和logs领域中的缓存消息, 并发起网络交互.

send

func (r *raft) send(m pb.Message) {
   m.From = r.nodeID
   m = r.finalizeMessageTerm(m)
   r.msgs = append(r.msgs, m)
}

更新msg的任期以及原节点id信息, 后添加到raft的msgs领域.

handleFollowerPropose

func (r *raft) handleFollowerPropose(m pb.Message) {
	if r.leaderID == NoLeader {
		plog.Warningf("%s dropped proposal, no leader", r.describe())
		r.reportDroppedProposal(m)
		return
	}
	m.To = r.leaderID
	// the message might be queued by the transport layer, this violates the
	// requirement of the entryQueue.get() func. copy the m.Entries to its
	// own space.
	m.Entries = newEntrySlice(m.Entries)
	r.send(m)
}

Follower接到客户端的proposal(提议) 后需要将提议转发给主节点, 因此更新完msg.To 目的节点信息后立刻转发. 调用send函数.

handleLeaderPropose 及其后续函数

func (r *raft) handleLeaderPropose(m pb.Message) {
	r.mustBeLeader()
	if r.leaderTransfering() {
		plog.Warningf("%s dropped proposal, leader transferring", r.describe())
		r.reportDroppedProposal(m)
		return
	}
	for i, e := range m.Entries {
		if e.Type == pb.ConfigChangeEntry {
			if r.hasPendingConfigChange() {
				plog.Warningf("%s dropped config change, pending change", r.describe())
				r.reportDroppedConfigChange(m.Entries[i])
				m.Entries[i] = pb.Entry{Type: pb.ApplicationEntry}
			}
			r.setPendingConfigChange()
		}
	}
	r.appendEntries(m.Entries)
	r.broadcastReplicateMessage()
}

前18行代码都不是我们关注的重点: 大体进行一下在确认主节点完毕之后, 判断当前集群状态, 以及配置变更的操作. 最后两行的带吗引起我的的注意. 他们分别是 r.appendEntries(m.Entries) r.broadcastReplicateMessage().

func (r *raft) appendEntries(entries []pb.Entry) {
	lastIndex := r.log.lastIndex()
	for i := range entries {
		entries[i].Term = r.term
		entries[i].Index = lastIndex + 1 + uint64(i)
	}
	r.log.append(entries)
	r.remotes[r.nodeID].tryUpdate(r.log.lastIndex())
	if r.isSingleNodeQuorum() {
		r.tryCommit()
	}
}

在appendEntries中更新每个entry的term和Index信息. 并将这些entries添加到r.log中.

func (r *raft) broadcastReplicateMessage() {
	r.mustBeLeader()
	for nid := range r.observers {
		if nid == r.nodeID {
			plog.Panicf("%s observer is broadcasting Replicate msg", r.describe())
		}
	}
	for _, nid := range r.nodes() {
		if nid != r.nodeID {
			r.sendReplicateMessage(nid)
		}
	}
}

broadcastReplicateMessage方法中, 检查完leader之后, 调用r.sendReplicateMessage(nid)来实现消息的发送.

func (r *raft) sendReplicateMessage(to uint64) {
	var rp *remote
	if v, ok := r.remotes[to]; ok {
		rp = v
	} else if v, ok := r.observers[to]; ok {
		rp = v
	} else {
		rp, ok = r.witnesses[to]
		if !ok {
			plog.Panicf("%s failed to get the remote instance", r.describe())
		}
	}
	if rp.isPaused() {
		return
	}
	m, err := r.makeReplicateMessage(to, rp.next, maxEntrySize)
	if err != nil {
		// log not available due to compaction, send snapshot
		if !rp.isActive() {
			plog.Warningf("%s, %s is not active, sending snapshot is skipped",
				r.describe(), NodeID(to))
			return
		}
		index := r.makeInstallSnapshotMessage(to, &m)
		plog.Infof("%s is sending snapshot (%d) to %s, r.Next %d, r.Match %d, %v",
			r.describe(), index, NodeID(to), rp.next, rp.match, err)
		rp.becomeSnapshot(index)
	} else if len(m.Entries) > 0 {
		lastIndex := m.Entries[len(m.Entries)-1].Index
		rp.progress(lastIndex)
	}
	r.send(m)
}

该消息发送函数进行了一系列状态检查和判断之后, 最后一行语句点明主旨. 还是调用本段开始所述的send方法.

handleFollowerReplicate

func (r *raft) handleFollowerReplicate(m pb.Message) {
	r.leaderIsAvailable()
	r.setLeaderID(m.From)
	r.handleReplicateMessage(m)
}

前两行判断leader的信息. 最后一行调用r.handleReplicateMessage(m)方法处理Replicate信息.

在处理Replicate msg的过程中, 根据comitted信息的不同将有两种逻辑, 分别对应日志的复制和日志的提交.

func (r *raft) handleReplicateMessage(m pb.Message) {
	resp := pb.Message{
		To:   m.From,
		Type: pb.ReplicateResp,
	}
	if m.LogIndex < r.log.committed {
		resp.LogIndex = r.log.committed
		r.send(resp)
		return
	}
	if r.log.matchTerm(m.LogIndex, m.LogTerm) {
		r.log.tryAppend(m.LogIndex, m.Entries)
		lastIdx := m.LogIndex + uint64(len(m.Entries))
		r.log.commitTo(min(lastIdx, m.Commit))
		resp.LogIndex = lastIdx
	} else {
		plog.Debugf("%s rejected Replicate index %d term %d from %s",
			r.describe(), m.LogIndex, m.Term, NodeID(m.From))
		resp.Reject = true
		resp.LogIndex = m.LogIndex
		resp.Hint = r.log.lastIndex()
		if r.events != nil {
			info := server.ReplicationInfo{
				ClusterID: r.clusterID,
				NodeID:    r.nodeID,
				Index:     m.LogIndex,
				Term:      m.LogTerm,
				From:      m.From,
			}
			r.events.ReplicationRejected(info)
		}
	}
	r.send(resp)
}

func (l *entryLog) tryAppend(index uint64, ents []pb.Entry) bool {
	conflictIndex := l.getConflictIndex(ents)
	if conflictIndex != 0 {
		if conflictIndex <= l.committed {
			plog.Panicf("entry %d conflicts with committed entry, committed %d",
				conflictIndex, l.committed)
		}
		l.append(ents[conflictIndex-index-1:])
		return true
	}
	return false
}

func (l *entryLog) getConflictIndex(entries []pb.Entry) uint64 {
	for _, e := range entries {
		if !l.matchTerm(e.Index, e.Term) {
			return e.Index
		}
	}
	return 0
}

func (l *entryLog) commitTo(index uint64) {
	if index <= l.committed {
		return
	}
	if index > l.lastIndex() {
		plog.Panicf("invalid commitTo index %d, lastIndex() %d",
			index, l.lastIndex())
	}
	l.committed = index
}

func (l *entryLog) lastIndex() uint64 {
	index, ok := l.inmem.getLastIndex()
	if ok {
		return index
	}

	_, index = l.logdb.GetRange()
	return index
}

前五行构造了replicaresp数据结构的同时, 对当前的committedIndex和m.LogIndex进行对比, 显然拒绝了比当前已提交的Index更小的消息. 之后在11–15行的代码中, 进行了term任期校验后, 添加msg到r.log中, 更新其committed的index值. 一切结束之后使用前述的send方法返回Resp.

handleLeaderReplicateResp

func (r *raft) handleLeaderReplicateResp(m pb.Message, rp *remote) {
	r.mustBeLeader()
	rp.setActive()
	if !m.Reject {
		paused := rp.isPaused()
		if rp.tryUpdate(m.LogIndex) {
			rp.respondedTo()
			if r.tryCommit() {
				r.broadcastReplicateMessage()
			} else if paused {
				r.sendReplicateMessage(m.From)
			}
			// according to the leadership transfer protocol listed on the p29 of the
			// raft thesis
			if r.leaderTransfering() && m.From == r.leaderTransferTarget &&
				r.log.lastIndex() == rp.match {
				r.sendTimeoutNowMessage(r.leaderTransferTarget)
			}
		}
	} else {
		// the replication flow control code is derived from etcd raft, it resets
		// nextIndex to match + 1. it is thus even more conservative than the raft
		// thesis's approach of nextIndex = nextIndex - 1 mentioned on the p21 of
		// the thesis.
		if rp.decreaseTo(m.LogIndex, m.Hint) {
			r.enterRetryState(rp)
			r.sendReplicateMessage(m.From)
		}
	}
}

不考虑失败的其他情况, 重点关注5–19行的代码, 不难发现, r.tryCommit() 和“r.broadcastReplicateMessage()`是值得重点注意的. 其中第一个函数负责状态判断, 第二个函数负责消息的广播.

func (r *raft) tryCommit() bool {
	r.mustBeLeader()
	if r.numVotingMembers() != len(r.matched) {
		r.resetMatchValueArray()
	}
	idx := 0
	for _, v := range r.remotes {
		r.matched[idx] = v.match
		idx++
	}
	for _, v := range r.witnesses {
		r.matched[idx] = v.match
		idx++
	}
	r.sortMatchValues()
	q := r.matched[r.numVotingMembers()-r.quorum()]
	// see p8 raft paper
	// "Raft never commits log entries from previous terms by counting replicas.
	// Only log entries from the leader’s current term are committed by counting
	// replicas"
	return r.log.tryCommit(q, r.term)
}

判断完leader身份之后进行?? 此处存疑. 之后到entryLog进行commit操作. 对于leader来说已经完成了日志提交的过程了, 但是client还需要对leader的本次Replicate信息进行反馈.

func (l *entryLog) tryCommit(index uint64, term uint64) bool {
	if index <= l.committed {
		return false
	}
	lterm, err := l.term(index)
	if err == ErrCompacted {
		lterm = 0
	} else if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	if index > l.committed && lterm == term {
		l.commitTo(index)
		return true
	}
	return false
}

具体的commit逻辑还是在entrylog的方法中实现的.

func (r *raft) broadcastReplicateMessage() {
	r.mustBeLeader()
	for nid := range r.observers {
		if nid == r.nodeID {
			plog.Panicf("%s observer is broadcasting Replicate msg", r.describe())
		}
	}
	for _, nid := range r.nodes() {
		if nid != r.nodeID {
			plog.Errorf("[Aibot] %s is sending replicate message to %s", r.describe(), NodeID(nid))
			r.sendReplicateMessage(nid)
		}
	}
}

判断完状态最后一行进行消息的发送

func (r *raft) sendReplicateMessage(to uint64) {
	var rp *remote
	if v, ok := r.remotes[to]; ok {
		rp = v
	} else if v, ok := r.observers[to]; ok {
		rp = v
	} else {
		rp, ok = r.witnesses[to]
		if !ok {
			plog.Panicf("%s failed to get the remote instance", r.describe())
		}
	}
	if rp.isPaused() {
		return
	}
	m, err := r.makeReplicateMessage(to, rp.next, maxEntrySize)
	if err != nil {
		// log not available due to compaction, send snapshot
		if !rp.isActive() {
			plog.Warningf("%s, %s is not active, sending snapshot is skipped",
				r.describe(), NodeID(to))
			return
		}
		index := r.makeInstallSnapshotMessage(to, &m)
		plog.Infof("%s is sending snapshot (%d) to %s, r.Next %d, r.Match %d, %v",
			r.describe(), index, NodeID(to), rp.next, rp.match, err)
		rp.becomeSnapshot(index)
	} else if len(m.Entries) > 0 {
		lastIndex := m.Entries[len(m.Entries)-1].Index
		rp.progress(lastIndex)
	}
	r.send(m)
}

从第16行开始构造一个replicate Message开始, 这里的pregress方法提供对远程状态的管理.

func (r *raft) makeReplicateMessage(to uint64,
	next uint64, maxSize uint64) (pb.Message, error) {
	term, err := r.log.term(next - 1)
	if err != nil {
		return pb.Message{}, err
	}
	entries, err := r.log.entries(next, maxSize)
	if err != nil {
		return pb.Message{}, err
	}
	if len(entries) > 0 {
		lastIndex := entries[len(entries)-1].Index
		expected := next - 1 + uint64(len(entries))
		if lastIndex != expected {
			plog.Panicf("%s expected last index in Replicate %d, got %d",
				r.describe(), expected, lastIndex)
		}
	}
	// Don't send actual log entry to witness as they won't replicate real message,
	// unless there is a config change.
	if _, ok := r.witnesses[to]; ok {
		entries = makeMetadataEntries(entries)
	}
	return pb.Message{
		To:       to,
		Type:     pb.Replicate,
		LogIndex: next - 1,
		LogTerm:  term,
		Entries:  entries,
		Commit:   r.log.committed,
	}, nil
}

构建Replicate, msg. 之后发送给follower.

func (r *remote) progress(lastIndex uint64) {
   if r.state == remoteReplicate {
      r.next = lastIndex + 1
   } else if r.state == remoteRetry {
      r.retryToWait()
   } else {
      panic("unexpected remote state")
   }
}

node的交互逻辑

主进程中有一个while True循环进行实时变更的处理.

func (e *engine) stepWorkerMain(workerID uint64) {
	nodes := make(map[uint64]*node)
	ticker := time.NewTicker(nodeReloadInterval)
	defer ticker.Stop()
	cci := uint64(0)
	stopC := e.nodeStopper.ShouldStop()
	updates := make([]pb.Update, 0)
	for {
		select {
		case <-stopC:
			e.offloadNodeMap(nodes)
			return
		case <-ticker.C:
			nodes, cci = e.loadStepNodes(workerID, cci, nodes)
			e.processSteps(workerID, make(map[uint64]struct{}), nodes, updates, stopC)
		case <-e.stepCCIReady.waitCh(workerID):
			nodes, cci = e.loadStepNodes(workerID, cci, nodes)
		case <-e.stepWorkReady.waitCh(workerID):
			if cci == 0 || len(nodes) == 0 {
				nodes, cci = e.loadStepNodes(workerID, cci, nodes)
			}
			active := e.stepWorkReady.getReadyMap(workerID)
			e.processSteps(workerID, active, nodes, updates, stopC)
		}
	}
}

在这个循环中的第23行e.processSteps(workerID, active, nodes, updates, stopC)监控事件的状态并进行处理

func (e *engine) processSteps(workerID uint64,
	active map[uint64]struct{},
	nodes map[uint64]*node, nodeUpdates []pb.Update, stopC chan struct{}) {
	if len(nodes) == 0 {
		return
	}
	if len(active) == 0 {
		for cid := range nodes {
			active[cid] = struct{}{}
		}
	}
	nodeUpdates = nodeUpdates[:0]
	for cid := range active {
		node, ok := nodes[cid]
		if !ok || node.stopped() {
			continue
		}
		if ud, hasUpdate := node.stepNode(); hasUpdate {
			nodeUpdates = append(nodeUpdates, ud)
		}
	}
	e.applySnapshotAndUpdate(nodeUpdates, nodes, true)
	// see raft thesis section 10.2.1 on details why we send Replicate message
	// before those entries are persisted to disk
	for _, ud := range nodeUpdates {
		node := nodes[ud.ClusterID]
		node.sendReplicateMessages(ud)
		node.processReadyToRead(ud)
		node.processDroppedEntries(ud)
		node.processDroppedReadIndexes(ud)
	}
	if err := e.logdb.SaveRaftState(nodeUpdates, workerID); err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	if err := e.onSnapshotSaved(nodeUpdates, nodes); err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	e.applySnapshotAndUpdate(nodeUpdates, nodes, false)
	for _, ud := range nodeUpdates {
		node := nodes[ud.ClusterID]
		if err := node.processRaftUpdate(ud); err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		e.processMoreCommittedEntries(ud)
		node.commitRaftUpdate(ud)
	}
	if lazyFreeCycle > 0 {
		resetNodeUpdate(nodeUpdates)
	}
}

在这个方法中第18行stepNode方法负责进行Node本地事务的处理包括本地客户端以及其他节点发送到本机的消息. 第41行负责进行网络交互processRaftUpdate

func (n *node) processRaftUpdate(ud pb.Update) error {
	if err := n.logReader.Append(ud.EntriesToSave); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	n.sendMessages(ud.Messages)
	if err := n.removeLog(); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := n.runSyncTask(); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if n.saveSnapshotRequired(ud.LastApplied) {
		n.pushTakeSnapshotRequest(rsm.SSRequest{})
	}
	return nil
}

第5行 n.sendMessages(ud.Messages)方法

func (n *node) sendMessages(msgs []pb.Message) {
	for _, msg := range msgs {
		if !isFreeOrderMessage(msg) {
			msg.ClusterId = n.clusterID
			n.sendRaftMessage(msg)
		}
	}
}

第5行n.sendRaftMessage(msg)由上层函数指定方法

func (nh *NodeHost) sendMessage(msg pb.Message) {
	if nh.isPartitioned() {
		return
	}
	if msg.Type != pb.InstallSnapshot {
		nh.transport.Send(msg)
	} else {
		witness := msg.Snapshot.Witness
		plog.Debugf("%s is sending snapshot to %s, witness %t, index %d, size %d",
			dn(msg.ClusterId, msg.From), dn(msg.ClusterId, msg.To),
			witness, msg.Snapshot.Index, msg.Snapshot.FileSize)
		if n, ok := nh.getCluster(msg.ClusterId); ok {
			if witness || !n.OnDiskStateMachine() {
				nh.transport.SendSnapshot(msg)
			} else {
				n.pushStreamSnapshotRequest(msg.ClusterId, msg.To)
			}
		}
		nh.events.sys.Publish(server.SystemEvent{
			Type:      server.SendSnapshotStarted,
			ClusterID: msg.ClusterId,
			NodeID:    msg.To,
			From:      msg.From,
		})
	}
}s

第6行nh.transport.Send(msg)

// Send asynchronously sends raft messages to their target nodes.
//
// The generic async send Go pattern used in Send() is found in CockroachDB's
// codebase.
func (t *Transport) Send(req pb.Message) bool {
	v, _ := t.send(req)
	if !v {
		t.metrics.messageSendFailure(1)
	}
	return v
}

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