这里以Oracle 19c GI、DB for Oralce Linux 8.6 平台跟新官方最新补丁为例，其他版本、平台类似:
1、登录oracle support(需购买oracle 服务),下载linux x86-64平台下19c GI 补丁：
2、解压缩下载的补丁文件，仔细阅读README文件，确认OPatch 工具版本满足要求，如果版本不满足要求，需下载满足要求的OPatch工具，替换现有GI、DB home OPatch 工具：
3、确认现有环境适合的打补丁方式，对于oracle rac 或者oracle restart 环境，通过opatchauto apply 更新gi、db home 补丁，对于database single-instance ，通过opatch apply 更新db home 补丁：
确认gi、db home 适用的补丁集：
对于更新了one-off patch 的生产环境，还应该执行补丁冲突检查，确认所更新的补丁是否与现有环境one-off patch冲突(gi、db home 都应该检查)：
oracle rac 或者restart 环境:
gi home ：
su – root
# /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/OPatch/opatchauto apply /u01/app/soft/patch_34416665/34416665/ -oh /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/
OPatchauto session is initiated at Thu Nov 10 02:15:58 2022
System initialization log file is /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchautodb/systemconfig2022-11-10_02-16-00AM.log.
Session log file is /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/opatchauto2022-11-10_02-16-03AM.log
The id for this session is 35DT
Executing OPatch prereq operations to verify patch applicability on home /u01/app/19.3.0/grid
Patch applicability verified successfully on home /u01/app/19.3.0/grid
Executing patch validation checks on home /u01/app/19.3.0/grid
Patch validation checks successfully completed on home /u01/app/19.3.0/grid
Performing prepatch operations on CRS – bringing down CRS service on home /u01/app/19.3.0/grid
Prepatch operation log file location: /u01/app/grid/crsdata/zjg-dba-bidbdr/crsconfig/hapatch_2022-11-10_02-16-51AM.log
CRS service brought down successfully on home /u01/app/19.3.0/grid
Start applying binary patch on home /u01/app/19.3.0/grid
Binary patch applied successfully on home /u01/app/19.3.0/grid
Performing postpatch operations on CRS – starting CRS service on home /u01/app/19.3.0/grid
Postpatch operation log file location: /u01/app/grid/crsdata/zjg-dba-bidbdr/crsconfig/hapatch_2022-11-10_02-21-26AM.log
CRS service started successfully on home /u01/app/19.3.0/grid
OPatchAuto successful.
——————————–Summary——————————–
Patching is completed successfully. Please find the summary as follows:
Host:zjg-dba-bidbdr
SIHA Home:/u01/app/19.3.0/grid
Version:19.0.0.0.0
Summary:
==Following patches were SKIPPED:
Patch: /u01/app/soft/patch_34416665/34416665/33575402
Log: /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2022-11-10_02-16-15AM_1.log
Reason: /u01/app/soft/patch_34416665/34416665/33575402 is not required to be applied to oracle home /u01/app/19.3.0/grid
==Following patches were SUCCESSFULLY applied:
Patch: /u01/app/soft/patch_34416665/34416665/34419443
Log: /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2022-11-10_02-17-18AM_1.log
Patch: /u01/app/soft/patch_34416665/34416665/34428761
Log: /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2022-11-10_02-17-18AM_1.log
Patch: /u01/app/soft/patch_34416665/34416665/34444834
Log: /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2022-11-10_02-17-18AM_1.log
Patch: /u01/app/soft/patch_34416665/34416665/34580338
Log: /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2022-11-10_02-17-18AM_1.log
OPatchauto session completed at Thu Nov 10 02:22:52 2022
Time taken to complete the session 6 minutes, 55 seconds
db home：
su – root
# /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/OPatch/opatchauto apply /u01/app/soft/patch_34416665/34416665/ -oh /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/
OPatchauto session is initiated at Thu Nov 10 02:25:35 2022
System initialization log file is /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatchautodb/systemconfig2022-11-10_02-25-38AM.log.
Session log file is /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/opatchauto2022-11-10_02-25-41AM.log
The id for this session is B4DZ
Executing OPatch prereq operations to verify patch applicability on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
Patch applicability verified successfully on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
Executing patch validation checks on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
Patch validation checks successfully completed on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
Verifying SQL patch applicability on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
No sqlpatch prereq operations are required on the local node for this home
No step execution required………
Preparing to bring down database service on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
No step execution required………
Bringing down database service on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
Database service successfully brought down on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
Start applying binary patch on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
Binary patch applied successfully on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
Starting database service on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
Database service successfully started on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
Preparing home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1 after database service restarted
No step execution required………
Trying to apply SQL patch on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
SQL patch applied successfully on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
OPatchAuto successful.
——————————–Summary——————————–
Patching is completed successfully. Please find the summary as follows:
Host:zjg-dba-bidbdr
SIDB Home:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
Summary:
==Following patches were SKIPPED:
Patch: /u01/app/soft/patch_34416665/34416665/34428761
Reason: This patch is not applicable to this specified target type – “oracle_database”
Patch: /u01/app/soft/patch_34416665/34416665/33575402
Reason: This patch is not applicable to this specified target type – “oracle_database”
Patch: /u01/app/soft/patch_34416665/34416665/34580338
Reason: This patch is not applicable to this specified target type – “oracle_database”
==Following patches were SUCCESSFULLY applied:
Patch: /u01/app/soft/patch_34416665/34416665/34419443
Log: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2022-11-10_02-26-27AM_1.log
Patch: /u01/app/soft/patch_34416665/34416665/34444834
Log: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2022-11-10_02-26-27AM_1.log
OPatchauto session completed at Thu Nov 10 02:29:59 2022
Time taken to complete the session 4 minutes, 24 seconds
database single-instance 环境：
su – oracle
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch apply /u01/app/soft/patch_34416665/34416665/34419443
4、另外,gi、db home 也可以在配置、注册之前更新补丁:
自oracle 18c 开始，gi home 在setup 之前可以通过gridSetup.sh 更新Rlease Update 或者one-off patch：
su – grid
cd $ORACLE_HOME
./gridSetup.sh –applyRU patch_directory_location
./gridSetup.sh –applyOneOffs patch_directory_location
自oracle 18c 开始，db home 在setup 之前可以通过runInstaller 更新Rlease Update 或者one-off patch：
su – oracle
cd $ORACLE_home
./runInstaller –applyRU patch_directory_location
./runInstaller –applyOneOffs patch_directory_location
5、生产环境的oracle 数据库补丁更新，dba应该仔细阅读补丁集readme文件，首先在测试环境完成更新操作，协同开发、业务一同测试，确认无误，方可考虑。
a、 对于部署了 oracle dataguard 的环境，可以先在dataguard 备库更新补丁，测试无误再更新dataguard 主库；
b、对于部署了oracle rac 的环境，可以采用滚动更新补丁方式，一个节点一个节点进行，以确保数据库服务停机时间最短，减小业务停机时间。
原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/oradba/p/16877316.html
