K8S简要和部署

环境规划

集群类型

Kubernetes集群大体上分为两类：一主多从和多主多从

一主多从：一台master节点和多台node节点，搭建简单，但是有单机故障风险，适用于测试环境

多主多从：多台master节点和多台node节点，搭建麻烦，安全性高，适用于生产环境
安装方式

Kubernetes有多种部署方式，目前主流的方式有kubeadm、minikube、二进制包

1、Minikube：一个用于快速搭建单节点kubernetes的工具

2、Kubeadm：一个用于快速搭建kubernetes集群的工具，https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm/

3、二进制包：从官网下载每个组件的二进制包，依次去安装，此方式对于理解kubernetes组件更加有效，https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

环境部署

环境准备：

角色	ip	系统	组件
master	192.168.100.10/24	centos-8-Stream	docker，kubectl，kubeadm，kubelet
node1	192.168.100.11/24	centos-8-Stream	docker，kubectl，kubeadm，kubelet
node2	192.168.100.12/24	centos-8-Stream	docker，kubectl，kubeadm，kubelet

实验步骤：

关闭防火墙，关闭SELinux规则。（master/node1/node2）

[root@master ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service 
[root@master ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service 
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@master ~]# setenforce 0	#临时关闭
[root@master ~]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config	#永久关闭
[root@master ~]# systemctl stop postfix  #如果有这个服务也需要关闭
Failed to stop postfix.service: Unit postfix.service not loaded.

hosts文件添加对应主机。（master/node1/node2）

[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts 
192.168.100.10 master
192.168.100.11 node1
192.168.100.12 node2

生成ssh秘钥

[root@master ~]# ssh-keygen 
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:wQm/nP6I2M6Z84DeBtrMp0gJ3ZffEaeFnv+snkFwwnE root@master
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
|      .   . E    |
|       + o +     |
|        = * +    |
| . .   o = X     |
|. . . o S = .    |
| . ..o o . +     |
|  o=... o . o    |
| ..o+=+= o   =   |
|  . +=Ooo ..+.o  |
+----[SHA256]-----+

将秘钥传输到各节点

[root@master ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@node1
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@node1's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@node1'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[root@master ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@node2
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@node2's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@node2'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

设置时钟同步

#将master设置为时钟服务器
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/chrony.conf 
local stratum 10
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart chronyd.service 
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable chronyd
[root@master ~]# hwclock -w

#设置其他节点时钟同步
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/chrony.conf
#pool 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
server master  iburst
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl restart chronyd.service 
[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/chrony.conf
#pool 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
server master  iburst
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl restart chronyd.service

禁用swap分区（master/node1/node2）

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/fstab  #注释掉swap分区
#/dev/mapper/cs-swap     none                    swap    defaults        0 0

开启IP转发，和修改内核信息（master/node1/node2）

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
[root@master ~]# modprobe br_netfilter
[root@master ~]# sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1

配置IPVS功能（master/node1/node2）

[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules 
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
[root@node2 ~]# bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
[root@node2 ~]# lsmod | grep -e ip_vs
ip_vs_sh               16384  0
ip_vs_wrr              16384  0
ip_vs_rr               16384  0
ip_vs                 172032  6 ip_vs_rr,ip_vs_sh,ip_vs_wrr
nf_conntrack          172032  3 nf_nat,nft_ct,ip_vs
nf_defrag_ipv6         20480  2 nf_conntrack,ip_vs
libcrc32c              16384  5 nf_conntrack,nf_nat,nf_tables,xfs,ip_vs

安装docker（master/node1/node2）

#确保网络仓库源可用再安装
[root@master yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@master yum.repos.d]# dnf -y install epel-release
[root@master yum.repos.d]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
#安装docker
[root@master ~]#  dnf -y install docker-ce --allowerasing

配置docker加速器（master/node1/node2）

#需要启停docker服务之后再添加配置文件
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart docker.service 
[root@master ~]# systemctl stop docker.service 
Warning: Stopping docker.service, but it can still be activated by:
  docker.socket
[root@master ~]# cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://rpnfe8c5.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "100m"
  },
  "storage-driver": "overlay2"
}
EOF

安装kubernetes组件（master/node1/node2）

[root@master ~]# cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

安装kubeadm kubelet kubectl工具（master/node1/node2）

[root@master ~]# systemctl restart kubelet
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable kubelet
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kubelet.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service.

配置containerd（master/node1/node2）

# 为确保后面集群初始化及加入集群能够成功执行，需要配置containerd的配置文件/etc/containerd/config.toml，此操作需要在所有节点执行
[root@master ~]#containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/containerd/config.toml
sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6"
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl restart containerd
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl enable containerd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/containerd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/containerd.service.

部署k8s的master节点

[root@master ~]#kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.111.100 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version v1.25.4 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

# 建议将初始化内容保存在某个文件中
[root@master ~]#vim k8s
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular
user:

	mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
	sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
	sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
	
Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

	export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
	
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed
at:
	https: /kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
	
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on
each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.100.10:6443 -token eav8jn.zj2muv0thd7e8dad \
	--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash
sha256:b38f8a6a6302e25c0bcba2a67c13b234fd0b9fdd8b0c0645154c79edf6555e09

安装pod网络插件

[root@master ~]#wget https: /raw.githubusercontent.com/flannelio/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
[root@master ~]#kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
namespace/kube-flannel created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
serviceaccount/flannel created
configmap/kube-flannel-cfg created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds created
[root@master ~]#kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master NotReady control-plane 6m41s v1.25.4
[root@master ~]#kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master Ready control-plane 7m10s v1.25.4

将node节点加入到k8s集群中

[root@node1 ~]#kubeadm join 192.168.100.10:6443 -token
eav8jn.zj2muv0thd7e8dad \
> -discovery-token-ca-cert-hash
sha256:dskxy6sa5bwi786c5a09cad5v6b56gvubtdfst554asd4fdd8b0c0645154c79ed

[root@node2 ~]#kubeadm join 192.168.100.10:6443 -token
eav8jn.zj2muv0thd7e8dad \
> -discovery-token-ca-cert-hash
sha256:dskxy6sa5bwi786c5a09cad5v6b56gvubtdfst554asd4fdd8b0c0645154c79ed

kubectl get nodes 查看node状态

[root@master ~]#kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master Ready control-plane 9m37s v1.25.4
node1 NotReady <none> 51s v1.25.4
node2 NotReady <none> 31s v1.25.4
[root@master ~]#kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master Ready control-plane 9m57s v1.25.4
node1 Ready <none> 71s v1.25.4
node2 Ready <none> 51s v1.25.4

使用k8s集群创建一个pod，运行nginx容器，然后进行测试

[root@master ~]#kubectl create deployment nginx -image nginx
deployment.apps/nginx created
[root@master ~]#kubectl get pods
NAME 				READY 			STATUS 			RESTARTS 		AGE
nginx-76d6c9b8c-z7p4l 		1/1 			Running 		0 			35s
[root@master ~]#kubectl expose deployment nginx -port 80 -type
NodePort
service/nginx exposed
[root@master ~]#kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME 			READY 	    STATUS 	  RESTARTS 	  AGE 	  IP
NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx-76d6c9b8c-z7p4l 1/1 	Running     0 	                          119s    10.244.1.2
node1       <none> 		<none>
[root@master ~]#kubectl get services
NAME    TYPE    CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP    PORT(S)    AGE
kubernetes    ClusterIP    10.96.0.1    <none>    443/TCP    15m
nginx    NodePort    10.109.37.202     <none>    80:31125/TCP    17s

测试访问

修改默认网页

[root@master ~]# kubectl exec -it pod/nginx-76d6c9b8c-z7p4l - /bin/bash
root@nginx-76d6c9b8c-z7p4l:/# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
echo "liu" > index.html

1668705966610

原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/Archer-x/p/16901942.html

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k8s简要和部署

K8S简要和部署

环境规划

集群类型

安装方式

环境部署

环境准备：

实验步骤：

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树glb模型下载-树3

树glb模型下载-树2

k8s简要和部署

K8S简要和部署

环境规划

集群类型

安装方式

环境部署

环境准备：

实验步骤：

排行榜展示

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